The article discusses the creation of toys of whistles of each nation in their toys, they conveyed their worldview. Toys of the peoples of different countries and continents are different and peculiar, but they also have common features. Many peoples have the same type of toys, with the same type of similarity of their design, shapes and decor.

Studying the activities of foreign sports volunteers, we found that, often, volunteer societies do not exist in isolation and, as a rule, interact with other types of volunteer movements. This information forced us to analyze the interaction of various groups of volunteers operating in different regions of the Russian Federation. The conclusions were unambiguous: not only volunteer associations, but also volunteers themselves take part in various areas of volunteer activity, and these areas are not interconnected in any way. In addition, our interest was attracted by the information that in order to maintain a favorable moral and psychological climate in the national team of the Russian Olympic Committee at the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020, the rector of the Church of the Holy Great Prince Dimitri Donskoy was involved. Continuing our research on the topic of the dissertation, it was decided to find out the attitude of sports volunteers to religion, as well as the possible influence of religion on the motivational and value component of the activities of sports volunteers.

The discourse focusing on the problem of implementing literary texts in the cinema is still remaining relevant. Without anticipating reading the book itself, the range of discussion of film adaptation problem turned out to be extremely wide: from the analysis of many specific film works, creative successes and failures in the field of film production, to the most general and fundamental questions, which were sometimes posed in a very acute form. Can the border between the verbal artistic image created by the writer and the visual, moving, audial screen image be overcome? Does cinema need literature, and if so, why? Does literature need cinema, and if so, with what reservations?
We chose to study the works of the writers Chandra Chattopadhyay (Sanjib Chandra) and Mirza Ruswa (Mirza Muhammad Hadi), who are widely regarded as key figures in the literary revival of India. The former is a Bengali Brahmin, the latter is a Muslim and wrote in Urdu. Some of their writings, including novels, essays and commentaries, deviated from traditional Indian literary works and served as a source of inspiration for screening them.
The experience of acquaintance with translations of the works written by popular Indian authors, which is used in teaching practice at Kazan University, significantly facilitates mastering the Hindi language.

An overview of the influence of the personality and work of Rabindranath Tagore on Russia, the analysis of the so-called Russian framework of commemoration of the great thinker and figure in the classroom on Indian literature at Kazan University is becoming relevant. It is worth introducing the modern circumstances of his celebration, especially in line with literary evenings dedicated to his poetry during the Days of Indian Culture in Tatarstan.
Rabindranath Tagore is the most popular Indian prose writer and playwright, a talented director and actor, visionary and philosopher, political publicist and educator. He is known for his works, in which Russian scientists noticed a reflection of the social and political conflicts in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as for his philosophy of religious humanism. He helped bring clarity to the understanding of the East by the West, instilled an interest in the study of Eastern culture, showing the real India.
The basic factor was the need to address events such as Tagore's visit to the Soviet Union in 1930. The topic deserves research, primarily in the context of mastering some of his pedagogical ideas, which were actively borrowed after he visited Moscow Pedagogical University.

The article presents an analysis of a survey among preschool teachers with work experience from 1 to 45 years. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the manifestation of empathy among teachers of preschool education with different experience in practical activities. In the course of the study, the following results were obtained: the subjects, on average, have the most developed ability to understand and voice the emotions and states of their pupils (cognitive component), the ability to empathize (emotional component), sympathize, and a little less - the ability to predict and influence on the behavior of preschoolers (behavioral component). Comparative analysis of the features of empathy among teachers with different experience using mathematical statistics showed that an increase in experience does not entail an increase in the overall level of empathy, the level of emotional and cognitive components of empathy. At the same time, it was proved that an increase in the behavioral level of empathy is directly proportional to the experience of pedagogical activity.

The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that at the moment there is a problem of insufficient study of stylistic aspects and emotionally colored units of the language of newspaper and journalistic texts when translated from English into Russian. Translations of journalism are widely demanded material, and the presence of an extensive number of peculiar terms and the dynamism of this field lead translators to certain difficulties.
Within the framework of this study, it was not possible to fully cover all the aspects arising from the transmission of the features of tropes in the translation of English newspaper journalistic texts, since this material is very difficult to fit within the framework of one study, therefore we have considered the most significant problems, given illustrative examples from work experience in this direction, and also selected lexico-phraseological stylistic means for detailed translation analysis.

The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that Russian literature is difficult to translate, since it contains a large number of synonyms, variations of words and constructions, vivid and rich coloring and stylistics.
Translations are not a novelty in world literature, and since the 18th century, translation activities have also characterized Russian literature. According to statistics, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev are considered to be the most popular among the Russian authors abroad, and they are translated most often abroad. It was these authors who laid the foundation for classical Russian literature, and thanks to the great writers, our literature reached the world level. Among the most famous Russian writers are V.V. Nabokov, B.V. Zakhoder, N. S. Gumilyov, E. A. Evtushenko, S. Ya. Marshak, B. L. Pasternak and, of course, Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva.
Our goal is to analyze the features of the translation of Russian authors into Hindi – it is interesting to trace how the poems of Russian classics are communicated, how comparisons, epithets, metaphors are made, how the idea and message of the authors are reflected and what happens to the rhyme. Since this area is poorly understood even for other languages, it is practically a novelty for Hindi.
Considering the profile of training Hindi translators at Kazan University, it was decided to focus on translating Russian poems into Hindi. How the Indians convey the Russian masterpiece into their language, what by-pass routes they use to simplify the process, how the style, rhyme and means of expression are conveyed - all this arouses quite a lot of interest.

The COVID-19 pandemic broke the academic traditions of music education around the world, became a bifurcation point that led to radical changes in the field of music and educational practice, accelerating the "turn" to the digitalization of music education. This digital «turn» will affect the future of music education in many complex and interrelated ways. We will try to analyze the consequences and prospects of this "turn" for music and educational practice in this scientific article.

In the modern information space, as before, narratives – stories and plots that serve as the basis for a variety of cultural works, from paintings to cinema products, play an important role. The driving force of any plot is conflict, and the antagonist and protagonist are the key characters of the conflict. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the definition of the antagonist and typify the characteristics of this character. The relevance and significance of the study lies in the need to clarify the essence of this essential plot element for the creators of works. The article uses a comparative descriptive method, as well as classification and synthesis.

The translation experience of acquaintance with the works of popular Indian authors, which is used in teaching practice at Kazan University, is becoming an actual factor in the Hindi language acquisition.
One of the iconic Indian writers, screenwriters and publicists is Munshi Premchand (Dhanpatrai Srivastav). He is known mainly for his novels, reflecting political events, the struggle for social rights and the anti-colonial movement in India. His works had a lot of weight in Indian society at that time, since they embodied the popular opinion about the arbitrariness of power over ordinary people and highlighted the problems of the common people.
Nevertheless, many remember the writer not for provocative serious novels, but for light and at the same time instructive children's stories about kindness and justice. They were translated into many languages, including Russian, which gave rise to the study of the unique and distinctive language of Premchand, and also posed the task of finding and classifying the features of the linguistic structures he used in his texts. For the analysis of stylistic means, we have selected several stories from the collection "Forest Stories", which in the Soviet version was published under the name "The Serpent Stone".

This article examines one of the most important modern foreign policy instruments of states' soft power – their foreign aid policies. Using the example of two small states of the Persian Gulf region, the UAE and Qatar, which demonstrate the most active involvement in both regional and international political processes and are actually competitors, the authors demonstrate the importance of this direction in the foreign policy strategy of these countries. Also, within the framework of this study, using specific examples, the most significant instruments of external assistance are considered, which are used to implement the goals of states and promote their national interests. The study highlights the importance of the rivalry between the UAE and Qatar, which permeates their foreign policy aid strategy, and draws conclusions about the possible consequences for both African countries and the Gulf monarchies of advancing such a foreign policy line.

The article examines franchise networks in the tourism industry in Russia. The main emphasis of the author is made on the fact that over the past three decades this area has not received proper development in the country in comparison with other states of the world.

This article examines the processes of changing the activities of charitable organizations during the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) using the example of the Yardam National Islamic Charitable Foundation. The website of the foundation and its social networks during the pandemic are being analyzed. A brief analysis of the position of charity in the canons of Islam is also given.

The change of the president in Uzbekistan is a new event in the post-Soviet space. The new head of state Shavkat Mirziyoyev managed to initiate changes without destabilizing the situation. His reform agenda is aimed at liberalizing the economy and society, but the political system remains largely intact. Uzbekistan has also taken significant steps towards political liberalization: political elites are trying to eradicate authoritarianism by various methods. The result of the transformation is not expected to be "enlightened authoritarianism", but democratization, supported by an alliance of old and new elites. Priority should be given to those areas that are most important for the development of an open society: promoting political competition, encouraging open debate, promoting independent public participation and ensuring genuine participation. The paper deals with the current topic of reforms of the new President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirzaeva. It is noted that the study of these reforms and the prospects for the development of the situation in Uzbekistan are extremely important from the point of view of the interests of all post-Soviet countries. The aim of the work is to analyze the reforms carried out by the new political elite of Uzbekistan. The article is based on scientific works and expert opinions on the processes taking place in Uzbekistan. As well as used materials of the press, both Uzbek and world.

The article describes the historical aspects of the Lebanese-Israeli conflict and the influence of the radical Shia group Hesballa on them. Also, the article reflects the relationship of the historical events of the conflict with modern international relations in the region. Since the late 1970s, there have been premises for the creation of a strong Shia community in Lebanon. The military actions carried out by Israel against Palestinian military formations in Lebanon and the Islamic revolution in Iran have become the main factors in the emergence of Shia armed formations in Lebanon. At the same time, the Lebanese Government did not take any action against the Palestinian military formations that were located on the Lebanese-Israeli border, which caused several military operations by the Israel Defense Forces. It is worth noting that there was a significant influence of Syria on the government of Lebanon, Syrian troops were in Lebanon until 1989. Syria and Iran have begun to support the newly formed radical Shia group Hesballa to confront Israel. This, in turn, caused the protracted Lebanese-Israeli conflict, which has not been resolved until now. In addition, in modern conditions, the radical Shia group Hesballa conducts its activities not only in Lebanon, but throughout the Middle East. The military from the radical Shia group Hesballa are well-trained militarily and are involved in conflicts where they defend the interests of Iran.

It remains relevant to consider common parallels, as well as the unity of features and elements in Indian and Persian historical and cultural traditions. Modern historical science has focused on the study of the relationship between Iran and India, including Kazan Indology and Iranian studies.
The study of the nature, place and role of this topic is necessary in order to understand the so-called phenomenon of "fusion of cultures", as well as to understand the origin, cultural role and historical heritage of the Indo-Aryan and ancient Iranian tribes. The history of the relationship between the two countries of ancient culture has deep roots and the makings of the beginning of relationships as a result of migrations, multiple invasions and trade ties. Thanks to common ancestors – the Aryans, the ancient Iranian and ancient Indian tribes inherited similarities in language, religion, sacred texts, artistic ideals, which led to the strengthening of ties between these peoples. These common parallels led to blending of the ideals and worldview of the two peoples, gave the entire Indian and Iranian culture a religious, epic, mythological and cultic character.

The purpose of the article is to study the previously proposed reform options and compare them, identify factors influencing the reform process of the UN Security Council, and determine the prospects for completing the reform process. Due to the uncertainty in contemporary international relations after the Cold War, after which everyone has their own picture of the future world order, the reform process remains in a frozen state. For the same reason, the prospects for completing the reform process do not look cloudless. For the successful implementation of the reform, the voices of not only major international actors and not only the consent of the qualified majority are important, the broadest possible consensus between the coalitions and countries is necessary. The reform of the UN Security Council today is one of the most difficult tasks that the world community still has to solve and the fate of the future international security will depend on the new form of the Security Council. The article looks at the problem through the new trends in modern international relations. The article helps the reader to create a general picture of the current situation regarding the reform of the UN Security Council. The article shows that the reform process has not only organizational or structural difficulties, but also deeper and more global problems.

The article presents an analysis of the scientific problem of social tension in modern society. The purpose of the article is to determine the role and importance of effective social policy in regulating the problem. Methods of scientific and theoretical generalization, analysis, forecasting, modeling were used. On the basis of generalization of the definitions of the concept, the essence of social tension as a socio-economic phenomenon is revealed. He manifests himself through the emotional (feelings and sensations, opinions and moods of citizens) and behavioral (behavioral attitudes) components. Based on the systematization of theoretical material and data from secondary empirical research, the author's model of the influence of effective social policy on the regulation of social tension in society has been developed. Criteria for effective social policy have been developed. The potential of public participation in the implementation of effective social policy measures has been identified. The author made a conclusion about the need for social diagnostics of the level of social tension and the participation of citizens in the development of social policy measures as a factor in regulating social tension.

The article analyzes the potential of music festivals in the development of event tourism. The definition of festivals is given, the significance of the music festival in the development of the sphere of leisure and entertainment, in the historical perspective is revealed.

It seems relevant to comprehend the problem when the economic liberalization of the Republic of India and the development of energy trade are accompanied by an increase in migration to the Persian Gulf countries, and at present there are more than three million Indians in Saudi Arabia who get lucrative jobs - there is a noticeable change in the importance of the Saudi Kingdom in India's foreign policy. Apart from the energy and expatriate components, this took on political significance and both parties began to explore other areas such as human resource development, information technology, cultural ties and, above all, military security cooperation.
At the moment, Indo-Saudi relations are striving for strategic cooperation, provided that both countries recognize the problems that hinder development and sensibly assess the opening prospects for relations, not only in the field of energy resources, but also in the field of mutual investments.
The Republic of India and Saudi Arabia are two major powers linked by close relationships over a long period in various fields. Due to its size, location, religious significance, regional influence and global position, Saudi Arabia has taken center stage in India's interests in the Persian Gulf