Professional orientation is aimed at preparing the younger generation to choose a profession. School plays an important role in shaping schoolchildren professional preferences, which undoubtedly affect their future. However, modern professional orientation of schoolchildren has a number of problems that prevent the formation of a child's professional self-determination. This article discusses the problems of professional orientation of schoolchildren, contradictions of professional orientation of schoolchildren, as well as ways to solve them.

The article studies the phenomenon of imitation among preschool and schoolage children. Special attention is paid to the functions of an adult in relation to children. The ability to imitate is one of the key in human life. This project is relevant, given the universality of the ability to imitate and its role in the individual and social development of a person.

The term “student-centered learning” or “learner-centered learning” has been widely used in the pedagogical and educational literature for many years. The concept of learner-centered education describes a shift in power from the expert teacher to the learner, driven by the need to change the traditional environment where learners often become passive, apathetic, and bored in class. In the school system, the concept of child-centered education expresses the idea that the teacher should not interfere with the process of growing up, but act as a guide in education. This is related to the process of development or "readiness", the child will learn when he is ready. The shift in perspective from teaching to an emphasis on student-centered learning has contributed to a shift in power from the teacher to the student. Teacher-centered direct delivery of information formats such as lecturing have come under increasing criticism, and this has paved the way for the widespread adoption of "student-centered learning" as an alternative approach. However, despite the widespread use of the term, it is argued that one of the problems with learnercentered learning is that many claim to focus learning on practice, but in fact this is not the case. 

The article discusses the concept of the social ideal of Confucius and the influence of the compiled Confucian values on the formation of human behavior in Ancient China. The historical aspect of the emergence of Confucianism as an ethicalsocio-political doctrine is also touched upon. The purpose of this work is to study the social ideal according to Confucianism and its influence on the culture of behavior of the ancient Chinese society. The article uses the methods of historical analysis, the chronological method, the ideographic method.

The scientific significance lies in the enrichment of the theory on the topic "Confucius' doctrine of the "noble person" and its role in the social and educational beginning of the ancient Chinese society."

The practical significance lies in the fact that this information can be used in the process of teaching 1-2 courses of historical faculties in order to track foreign historical processes, analyze them and study the impact on the overall development of the world at different stages.

The introduction of new federal state educational standards into the school education system determines new requirements for the student, who becomes an active subject of his life. In modern science, the study of the phenomenon of the subject of education is based on the personal qualities of the individual. This quality in this article will be subjectivity. In this regard, there is a need to determine the level of formation of students’ subjectivity in the process of learning at school. Let us note that subjectivity as the main quality of an individual includes a set of properties (motivation, responsibility, self-control, etc.) necessary for the development of a full-fledged personality. It should be noted that subjectivity as a prerequisite for the development of a schoolchild cannot be imposed from the outside; it is formed gradually. Subjectivity begins to form under external influences, which at the same time are not decisive. External influences are the specially organized activities of a teacher working with students through the transformed content of educational material. In it, the teacher and student perform equal roles as subjects in the learning process. Consequently, subjectivity is a personal property of a person that reveals the essence of the human way of being. Subjectivity lies in a conscious and active attitude towards the world and defining oneself in it as an individual.

The article substantiates the relevance of introducing the so-called modern technologies of "interactive learning" into the educational process. This paper also provides examples in which this training can be applied. Factors explaining the expediency and effectiveness of this technology in the study of English at school are formulated. The purpose of this article is to present possible prospects for further research into the technology of "interactive learning". 

The article discusses the features of the use of information and communication technologies in the process of teaching foreign languages to students of technical specialties. When using ICT, a fundamentally new approach to teaching a foreign language is implemented, which is based on real communication, free exchange of opinions, ideas, information, contacts with the culture of other peoples, stimulates the development of speech, contributes to the formation of foreign-language communicative competence that allows solving professional tasks in a foreign language. 

The article considers the influence of Confucian ethics on long-term tourism development prospects vision formation in the Republic of Korea. The work focuses on the influence of borrowing Chinese culture and religion during the formation and development of Korean statehood on consolidation of Confucian ethics in Korean society. The author characterized the norms of Confucian ethics preserved in modern Korean society: filial piety, respect for the national culture and history, respect of education, absence of discrimination and desire of quick profit, patience, calmness and special attitude to time. These Confucian norms were contributed to the formation of a special Korean mentality, which has an impact on tourism development and promotion policy implementation. The author carried out an analysis of tourism and cultural programs in order to determine the influence of Confucianism on long-term tourism development prospect vision formation in the Republic of Korea.  

The article examines the forms of manifestation of homosexuality in Russian society from the Middle Ages to the present day. the study of the phenomenon of homosexuality, the identification of historical and cultural approaches to the understanding of homosexuality, as well as the analysis of the possibility of accepting homosexuality as a norm of modern morality. When writing the article, an empirical research method was used, which is aimed at identifying attitudes towards homosexuality in various historical periods.

The purpose of the article is to show the reasons for the appearance and popularity of homosexuality using historical examples, to determine the forms of its manifestation in social practice, and to analyze the consequences of such behavior.

The main issue on the political agenda at the present time is not only changing political regimes and creating so-called "hybrid regimes", but also the transformation of familiar political ideologies, and in particular, modern political ideologies, changing their original essence and, as a result, substituting concepts . As a result of the merging of these processes, the formation of the so-called "hybrid ideologies" follows, therefore, when solving the problems that arise due to such changes, it is necessary to understand - what are we dealing with? This issue is of particular relevance due to the insufficient development of the issue.

The following methods were used in the work: theoretical analysis (philosophical, political science, legal literature), comparative (when comparing the content of political and philosophical works). The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results of the review in the research, analytical, project activities of the authors studying this topic. In conclusion, the results of the review are presented.

the article develops a new approach to the definition of judicial precedent in the system of sources of law. The existing legal reality in the conditions of the Russian legal system is analyzed: the study of the law of the Russian Federation, the law enforcement practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the interpretation of the norms of law by various judicial instances is carried out. The article correlates various concepts and deduces the general mechanism of interaction of legal categories.